Present Argentina is a mestizo country.

In spite of the affirmations of tourist brochures that express with pride that the Argentine Republic is populated by whites and Europeans, that there are very few "Indians", and that the mestizos are a minority, the reality is very different.

The contribution of indigenous nations to the ethnic composition of the country has been very important in most of the provinces.

The northwestern region (Salta, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero, La Rioja, Catamarca and Tucumán) has received a very large influence from local native cultures.

When the Spaniards arrived in this area of ​​America, Quechua and Colla-Aymara constituted complex societies with a rich history and well-established traditions. The settlers established semi-slave systems in which individuals were forced into labor in the mines or in the service of an "encomendero".

Under these conditions, there was a strong miscegenation, giving rise to the appearance of a Creole population composed of varied mixtures of natives with the lords of Spanish origin who controlled their lives. 

Many mestizos adopted Europeanizing attitudes and behaviors and preferred to keep the surname of their Spanish parents, because this meant a better status in colonial society.

In fact, the main "aristocratic" families of northwestern Argentina are constituted by mestizo roots where the indigenous component is notoriously dominant, genetically, against the European. In the rest of the population, the aboriginal genetic proportion is even higher.

In the northeastern provinces, Misiones, Corrientes, northeastern Formosa, the miscegenation took place with the indigenous Guaraní population. The Creole inhabitants of these provinces are also strongly mestizo, not only from the biological point of view, but also culturally. It should be noted that in Corrientes, Misiones and Formosa, Guaraní is usually spoken along with Spanish, and that Paraguay, a country bordering these provinces, is a fully bilingual Spanish-Guaraní nation.

In the southwestern and central provinces, the Mapuche and Pampa miscegenation stands out. In Neuquén, La Pampa, Río Negro, San Luis and Southwest of Buenos Aires, Mapuches and Pampas populations and native states were conquered only in the 1870s and 1880s. 

Although originally, most of the communities were displaced to land  of low productivity, in the following years a migratory flow generated towards the towns and cities constituting at the present time an important contribution to the ethnic composition of the urban population

These influences were also important in Mendoza, San Juan and in the central provinces (Córdoba and Santa Fe). 

Even in the most europeanized areas, such as the north of Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos, the native ethnic contribution, although in minority, is also clearly visible.

The metropolitan region of Buenos Aires, and to a lesser extent the conurbated areas of Rosario and Córdoba, were focal points for many immigrants at the end of the 19th century, and the first half of the 20th century. This was due to internal migration, which was intensified due to the processes of industrialization and urbanization promoted during the government of Juan Domingo Perón and, to a certain extent, by the governments that succeeded it These cities also received an important contingent from other areas of the country.

For that reason, Buenos Aires, as well as Rosario and Córdoba, was enriched by a relatively high percentage of mestizo population. They arrived in the cities with their traditional baggage on their shoulders, greatly modifying the cultures of these urban centers.

These mestizos of local origin were added during the last decades with those from neighboring countries: Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru and Chile. The demographic contribution of immigrants from these Latin American countries was very important. 

The Argentines of those origins represent an important percentage of the total population, surely more than 10% at the national level, reaching majority proportions in certain bordering provinces (Chileans in the south, Bolivians in the northwest, Paraguayans in the northeast).

Although it is possible to establish as certain general facts, it is difficult to determine the precise percentage of miscegenation of contemporary Argentina, and even more, to define precisely how it is distributed throughout the country.

In any case, it can be stated with sufficient certainty that the mestizos of European and Native American descent represent the majority of the population of the Republic.