"Low solar activity = Global cooling "

Cap Allon  Electroverse  June 13, 2020

It seems that scientific objectivity and the pursuit of truth were once allowed, perhaps even encouraged in US government agencies.

In 2001, NASA researchers found a strong correlation between low solar activity (i.e. Maunder minimum) and global cooling (i.e. ozone disruptions affecting the jet stream).

Many things can lower the temperature on Earth, states the opening lines of a now-archived NASA article, so we're already potentially treading "content removal ground" here on Facebook and Twitter, as this logical discussion goes on. Contrary to all modern IPCC reports - including an erupting volcano that blankets Earth in a bright haze that blocks sunlight and a drop in solar activity.

From 1650 to 1710, temperatures across much of the Northern Hemisphere plummeted as the Sun entered a quiet phase now called the Maunder Minimum. During this period, very few sunspots appeared on the surface of the Sun, and the overall brightness of the Sun decreased slightly.

Europe and North America froze deeply: Alpine glaciers spread over the farmlands of the valley; sea ​​ice slid south from the Arctic; and the famous canals in the Netherlands regularly froze, an event that is rare today.

A team of NASA scientists, led by Drew Shindell at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, set out to discover how low solar activity could cause such dramatic cooling. The researchers' first task was to create the Maunder Minimum Temperature Map to determine exactly how cold it was:

By combining temperature records obtained from tree rings, ice cores, corals, and the few measurements recorded in the historical record, Shindell and his team clearly illustrate in this image the significant impact of the Great Solar Minimum: The temperature difference between 1680, a year at the center of the Maunder Minimum, and 1780, a year of normal solar activity, as calculated by a general circulation model, is absolute.

The deep blue in eastern and central North America and northern Eurasia illustrates where the greatest drop in temperature was. Almost all other land areas were cooler in 1680 as well, as indicated by the different shades of blue. The few regions that appear to have been warmer in 1680 are Alaska and the eastern Pacific Ocean (left), the north Atlantic Ocean south of Greenland (left of center), and northern Iceland (top center) - similarities with today they are amazing.

However, the Sun's energy decreased only slightly during this time, even at the deepest depths of the Maunder Minimum, the solar irradiance reached a minimum of approx. 1,363 W / m2 from its previous minimum maximum of approx. 1,367 W / m2 - not a big difference, so why did temperatures drop so severely across the Northern Hemisphere?

To answer that crucial question, Shindell and his team took the amount of energy coming from the Sun during the Maunder Minimum and entered it into a general circulation model. The model is a mathematical representation of how various systems on Earth (ocean surface temperatures, different layers of the atmosphere, energy reflected and absorbed from the land, etc.) interact to produce climate.

When the model started with decreasing solar energy and returned temperatures that matched the paleoclimatic record, Shindell and his colleagues knew that the model showed how the Maunder minimum could have caused the extreme drop in temperatures. The model revealed that the drop in temperature was related to ozone in the stratosphere, the layer of the atmosphere that lies between 10 and 50 kilometers from the Earth's surface. Ozone is created when high-energy ultraviolet light from the Sun interacts with oxygen. During the Maunder Minimum, the Sun emitted less strong ultraviolet light, and thus less ozone was formed. The decrease in ozone affected the planetary waves, the giant moves in the jet stream that we are used to seeing on television weather reports.

The change in planetary waves led to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the equilibrium between a permanent low-pressure system near Greenland and a permanent high-pressure system to the south, in a negative phase. When the NAO is negative, both pressure systems are relatively weak. Under these conditions, winter storms that cross the Atlantic are generally directed toward towards Europe, which is experiencing a harsher winter. (When the NAO is positive, winter storms continue further north, making winters in Europe milder).

The model results illustrate that the NAO was more negative on average during the Maunder Low, and Europe remained unusually cold.

These results exactly matched the paleoclimate record.

The modern "Eddy" Solar Grand Minimum

With the Sun once again fading relatively, another sun-induced global cooling event is staring at us all.

The years between 1650 and 1710 were a difficult time to be alive. The Maunder Minimum effectively extended the winter months, delivering what was often an Arctic climate to the mid-latitudes. Summer snow became commonplace, and with the associated frosts came the destruction of many crops. Food shortages soon led to civil unrest, which in turn quickly led to famine and the removal of the fragile veil that is society - chaos ensued.

Heed warnings from the past.

Don't fall for the false - alarmingly heated political agenda of the day - political bodies have no back.

Get Ready for the COLD - Get the facts, get moving if you have to, and grow your veggies.

COLD WEATHERS are returning, lower latitudes are FREEZING, in line with historically low solar activity, cloud-nucleating cosmic rays, and a southern jet stream flow.

Even our friends at NASA seem to agree, and their forecast for this next solar cycle (25) sees it as "the weakest in the last 200 years":