Showing posts with label DNA. Show all posts
Showing posts with label DNA. Show all posts

Wednesday, November 14, 2018


Bacteria get pieces of DNA from outside their bodies

In an astonishing new video, a bacterium
 reaches out into space, snatches a piece of DNA and stuffs that DNA into its own body. Its appendage, much longer than its own body, wanders and bends a little but seems to move with intention toward its target. And the whole act is part of the microbe's effort to evolve.
The video is the first direct observation of bacteria using appendages called pili to "harpoon" loose DNA and incorporate it into the bacteria's own genetic structures. It shows how the single-celled organisms pull off a neat trick called "horizontal gene transger" that lets them adapt quickly to new environments. This would be a bit like if a person who's allergic to pollen needed only to reach out, snatch some loose flesh from a nonallergic friend and swallow it to get through spring without sneezing.
Researchers already knew that bacteria needed their pili to pull off horizontal gene transfer, but they'd never seen the maneuver in action, in part because the pili are too tiny to easily observe through a microscope. A single pilus, according to the videographers, is less than one-ten-thousandth the width of a human hair. And the hole the bacteria use to haul the loose DNA into their own single-celled "bodies" is "almost the exact width of a DNA helix bent in half," the researchers said in a statement. .

So, to record the video, the researchers dyed the pili of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium responsible for cholera, with fluorescent dye. The dye also covered the bacteria and the loose DNA. Then, the researchers stuck the bacteria and stray DNA under a regular microscope and waited to see what the now-glowing organism would do.
Reproduced from:
 https://www.livescience.com/62797-dna-harpoon-bacteria-evolution-horizontal-transfer.html
https://www.livescience.com/62797-dna-harpoon-bacteria-evolution-horizontal-transfer.html

Tuesday, January 5, 2016

Do cells "speak" to each other?

Messages from living matter
Danilo Anton

Electromagnetic waves
From its origins and through several billion years of evolution, life used all the material and energy available as well as relevant resources to optimize their survival.
This includes all sources of useful and accessible substances and energetic phenomena of various kinds. One of the most important lifel energy manifestations are electromagnetic waves.

Solar radiation is primarily expressed by electromagnetic waves of light (with a wavelength varying between 3500 and 7000 angstroms).
Living organisms tend to primarily use light as a form of communication with the environment. In sunlit areas of the planet, organisms have developed characteristics related to the reflection of light (colors), while the dark areas (i.e. In the bottom of the ocean or in the night) have generated light emission systems (eg luminescence of noctilucae, jellyfish and fireflies ).
Light waves are not the only forms of energy used by living matter. We know that there are many others but most probably some have not been identified yet.
  
The mysterious DNA functions
Only 3% of DNA contains genetic information capable of being used for RNA or for cellular functions. The remaining 97% consists of sections that are cyclic and repeated (they are called "introns"). These do not appear to store information . No one knows for sure what is the reason for this apparent waste of resources.
Several possibilities have been suggested.  A hypothetical function, advanced by some authors may be to give strength and stability to the molecular structure.
A second possibility, suggested by Narby in his book "The Cosmic Serpent", is that they have a transmitter-receiver function of electro-magnetic waves.
Another possible function is that these segments of DNA are "Program to install programs" signaling pathways for the future evolution of each species.
Finally, it is possible that these "introns" do not meet any default function but they are unused genetic information of extraplanetary origin built at different times of the geological and astronomical history of the planet as Brig Klyce holds and other proponents of the theory of " Cosmic ancestors. "
The water bags of life
The simplest (eg, bacteria) and cellular components of complex organisms living organisms are composed of three main elements contained in a small "water pocket" in which the vital functions are developed.
The first is a very long molecule (a billion times longer than wide) that contains all the instructions for the formation, function and reproduction of the organism.
These instructions are written in a language of 4 letters that scientists, for your convenience, have called A, G, C and T .
This molecule consists of two homologous and complementary halves in the shape of a double helix. The second element is a messenger molecule (RNA) that is able to read the messages and create from them a huge variety of organic molecules, usually known as proteins.
This is the vital third element of the chain. They have a basic architecture encoded by specific sequences of tens to hundreds of smaller components called "aminoacids".
There are 20 main amino acids which can build millions of different proteins adapted to the various vital functions of organisms.
Each protein may be formed from 200 of these components and its specificity is determined by the spatial arrangement of the twenty constituent components.
In short, the functioning and reproduction of the simplest organisms and cells of higher organisms are driven by a complex of instructions contained in a molecule with a double helix (DNA), queson be fetched and carried by a messenger molecule (RNA) for further translation to a "protein" code of 20 letters (aminoacids).
All these components and activities occur in an aqueous microenvironment which is maintained within certain physical conditions and composition.
For that purpose, the microorganism or cell carries out regular exchanges of matter or energy with the surrounding environment.,
These semi-aquatic systems with self-controlled conditions are called "life."

Messages from plants
 What information transmit plants through chemical and/or electromagnetic signals?
In general, the reigning scientific paradigm is reluctant to accept the remote communication capabilities of plants.
However, there are numerous longstanding experiences built in traditional cultures showing that this communication indeed happens.
It is possible that the visions produced by psychoactive plants are no more than interspecific messages generated in the depth of the molecular structure of DNA in plant cells and the reactions to them of our own cells. Probably the "hallucinations" are the cerebral translation of complex codes used by plants to communicate with their environment.
  
This possibility should not be taken lightly.
 For hundreds of millions of years plants have evolved to survive better in this world.
This implies competing, but also and above all coordinating.
A tree needs to know that the flower of this vine can help attracting the appropriate insects. It has learned this through a long and cumbersome process of natural selection. The trees that combat these beneficial vines will not be able to reproduce.
How can this information reach the tree immediately? May be is throuogh the modulation of invisible electromagnetic waves emanating from DNA-containing plant tissue.
It is unwise to underestimate the ability of life to take advantage of all the resources at its disposal. We should start listening carefully to the signals we get from forests and grasslands. Besides the colors, melodies and odours, there are many more messages, a true symphony of waves emerging from all ecosystems on earth.
The secrets of nature are not hiding. They are there, proclaimed to the four winds for the millions of creatures that inhabit it.
In order to understand them we just need to pay attention.
The answers are around us.
(to continue)
From "Peoples, Drugs and Serpents", Danilo Anton, Piriguazu Ediciones
Blog in Spanish: daniloanton.blogspot.com
Another interesting blog:
http://wow-really.blogspot.com.uy/2006/11/your-dna-would-reach-moon.html