The Fossil fuel theory a fraud

 Russians and NASA discredit "Fossil fuel" theory; demise of junk CO2 science

Published on November 12, 2014 in Principio Scientific International

Last week new NASA photographs proved methane lakes exist on Saturn’s moon, Titan, showing that such hydrocarbons (or so-called ‘fossil fuels’) are seemingly plentiful in our solar system.  This startling discovery turns on its head the long-held western belief that petroleum is a limited resource, because it is primarily derived (we had been told) from the fossilized remains of dead dinosaurs and rotted carbon-based vegetation. But with that notion now exploded in the article  

Thanks to NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, energy scientists are now compelled to admit that petroleum oil is, in fact, substantially mineral in origin and occuring all through the galaxies. Two Years ago it was reported that the Max Planck Institute, Germany have discovered that the Horse Head Nebula galaxy in the Orion constellation contains a vast field of hydrocarbons. As such, long-held fears about Earth’s shrinking ‘fossil fuel’ reserves may be bogus.   These important new cosmological discoveries come coincidentally at a time when huge succeses in American oil drilling technology (‘frakking‘) are bringing a glut of oil onto the energy markets, causing a slide in global oil prices. Fresh oil reserves are being struck all over – some miles beneath the oceans, where Dino the dinosaur never roamed. (see image of Methane sea in Saturnian moon Titan).

http://principia-scientific.org/russians-nasa-discredit-fossil-fuel-theory-demise-of-junk-co2-science/

Revolutionary theory about  the origin of the Earth crust

According to Prof. Vicente Sanchez-Cela.

Danilo Anton

It all started with the accretion and compaction of planetesimals for the formation of the planet Earth.

As a result of these processes impact minerals of high density were formed. They were related to the impactites (rocks formed after a meteoric impact). These dense minerals had a very similar composition to the crust (quartz and feldspar) but with higher density.

In the crust silicon dioxide (SiO2) crystallizes as quartz but in a high density (mantle) environment crystallized in higher density SiO2 minerals such as coesite and stishovite.

It should be noted that quartz density is 2.65, while coesite and stishovite densities are respectively 2.92 and 4.35. All three (quartz, coesite and stishovite) have the same formula (SiO2). Another difference betweem these three minerals is the packing of their atoms, quartz is trigonal, coesite is monoclinic and stishovite is tetragonal.

Similarly, crust feldspars with density 2.56 (potassium feldspar) and 2.61 (sodium feldspar), have been preceded (during planetary formation and subsequent geological eras) by minerals of high density: K Hollandite and Na Hollandite with approximate density 4. Both crystallize in the monoclinic system. Other high density minerals that may exist in the mantle are the perovskite silicate (magnesium iron silicate and calcium silicate) and post-perovskite (magnesium silicate). The latter have densities higher than 3.

According to this approach, we can consider that in the crust the family of silicate minerals of low density (granitic) predominate while the high density family of silicate minerals (which Sanchez Cela call " densialites ") are dominant in the mantle.¹

Despite having different densities the chemical composition of both petro-mineralogical groups (crust and mantle groups) are similar.

Sanchez-Cela's theory is based on the phase changes of dense minerals in the outer mantle (coesite, stishovite, hollandites, perovskites and post-perovskites) which increase in volume decreasing their density. The typical mineral phase of low density silicates (quartz, feldspars) is generated in this way. This change in phase is exothermic producing magmatic fusion, intrusions and volcanic eruptions.

At the same time, the expansion in volume of the rock masses produce the formation of orogenic changes in continents and oceans and other protruding geological and geomorphologic features.

Danilo Antón, based on the theory of Vicente Sanchez Cela (La Energía en los Procesos Geológicos, 2005).

¹ Silicon dioxide SiO2, currently crystallizes mainly as quartz, before crystallized with higher density forming coesite or stishovite. It should be noted that quartz has a density of 2.65, coesite, 2.92 and stishovite 4.35. All three have the same formula (SiO2). Another difference is the packing of atoms. quartz is trigonal, coesite is monoclinic and stishovite tetragonal.

Similarly feldspars with density 2.56 (potassium feldspar) and 3.61 (sodium feldspar) in the crust, have been preceded (when planetary formation and subsequent geological eras) by higher density minerals: K Hollandite and Na Hollandite with approximate density of 4. Both crystallize in the monoclinic system. Other high density minerals that may existing in the mantle are the perovskite silicate (magnesium iron silicate and calcium silicate) and post-perovskite (magnesium silicate).

Huge volumes of petroleum in depth

Oil comes from the mantle  

Danilo Anton
Since  late 19th Century two theories about the origin of terrestrial hydrocarbons coexisted:

1) The biogenic theory, which held that hydrocarbons were of biological origin, resulting from the accumulation and "maturation" of fossil plants and animals, and 

2) The mineral or abiogenic theory, which argued that hydrocarbons were of mineral origin coming from inside the Earth, accumulating in areas with suitable geological conditions or sprouting in liquid or gas seeps on the surface.

The biogenic theory

Since the early 20th Century it was the biogenic hypothesis that was imposed worldwide, particularly in Western countries.

Today most geologists, both oil and structural geologists, sedimentologists and geophysicists, are inclined to think that hydrocarbons, oil and natural gas, have an old biological origin, and for that reason they are often called "fossil fuels".

Being defined as fuels of biological origin, dependent on the accumulation of organic matter through geological time, their volumes would necessarily be restricted to the sedimentary basins and its vicinity. The sedimentary mantles are relatively thin (in geophysical terms). They usually are a few hundred or thousands of meters thick and rarely exceed 10 kilometers, slightly more than one thousandth of the terrestrial radio (which is 6,500 km).

The conclusion of this prevailing scientific paradigm is that the exploitation of this resource gradually will fade and inevitably it will end in the near future..

The mineral theory or abiogenic

The biogenic theory, which is accepted by most geologists, has been and is being challenged by some scientists, particularly Russians and Ukrainians, who argue that both oil and natural gas are of mineral origin, coming from inside the Earth, that their volumes are very large, and therefore it is unlikely that will be exhausted in the foreseeable future.

The mineral theory was originally driven in the nineteenth century by famous Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev, French chemist Marcellin Berthelot and others.

In 1877 Mendeleev said:

"A capital fact is that oil is born in the depths of the earth, and that it is there where we must seek its origin" ¹  

Another scientist who developed the theory of mineral oil was the Russian geologist Nikolai Alexandrovich Kudryavtsev.

This researcher proposed the abiotic hypothesis in 1951 based on the huge volumes of hydrocarbons accumulated in bitumimous sands of Alberta, Canada, which he thought inexplicable in the absence of a plausible mother rock.

In 1967 the Ukrainian geologist Emmanuil Chekaliuk developed a thermodynamic theory of the origin of oil. He sustained that it formed at high pressure and temperature deep in the Earth's mantle. It was noted at the time that the theory had been confirmed by experimental studies by J.F. Kenney and his Russian colleagues.   

In the decades from 1970 to 2000, based on the above work, the Austrian astrophysicist Thomas Gold formulated a theory about the origin and evolution of hydrocarbons which he considered were generated from depth. This hypothesis included several innovative elements introducing a real paradigmatic review of many terrestrial geological processesl.

Gold's vision goes beyond the oil issue to address multiple aspects in the field of earth sciences, proposing, with very solid criteria, new ways to interpret many geological phenomena, including the dynamics of formation of metallic ores.

Preliminary conclusion

We believe that the abiotic theory is closer to geological reality and that time will finally demonstrate its validity. This will have profound influence in the word economy and international geopolitics.
In the following chapters of this book the main elements that confirm the abiotic theory about the origina of petroleum and natural gas will be explained.
From the book "Inexhaustible? Petroleum and Natural Gas" by Danilo Anton, Piriguazu Ediciones.