Waziristan, one of the main reasons why the western coalition lost the Afghan war

Waziristan is a key player in the Afghanistan war. It is a very conservative Pashtun-speaking society with strong ties to the Afghan Taliban. It has been very difficult to control, both by the Pakistani government and by the Western occupation alliance in neighboring Afghanistan. Waziristan is a mountainous region in north-western Pakistan that borders Afghanistan. It has an area of ​​11,585 km². It comprises the area to the west and southwest of the Peshawar region between the Tochi rivers to the north and the Gomal rivers to the south. The population is approximately 1.5 million people, approximately 900,000 in Norh Waziristan and 600,000 in South Waziristan. In 1998, a population of 791 087 inhabitants was estimated. Waziristan is divided into two regions: North Waziristan, with 61,246 inhabitants (1998) and South Waziristan, with a population of 429,841 inhabitants. Its inhabitants speak a dialect of Pashto, called wazirwola (Pashtun is the main language in Afghanistan). In the first stage of the US invasion of Afghanistan, when the Taliban began to flee to Pakistan, local leaders, or Maliks, began a campaign among their locals to welcome foreigners. Since then, around 200 Malik have been killed by local Taliban through targeted killings. [Appointment required] To end the Waziristan war, Pakistan signed the Waziristan Agreement with the heads of the self-styled Islamic Emirate of Waziristan on September 5, 2006. Islamic militants in Waziristan are said to have close affiliations with the Taliban. [13] Waziristan is often mentioned as a haven for al Qaeda fighters. It is speculated that some al-Qaeda leaders have found refuge in the emirate-controlled area, which is a scene of militant operations in Afghanistan [14]. On June 4, 2007, the Pakistan National Security Council met to decide the fate of Waziristan and to address a number of political and administrative issues to control the "Talibanization" of the area. The meeting was chaired by President Pervez Musharraf and was attended by the main ministers and governors of the four provinces. They discussed the deterioration of the situation of law and order and the threat it represents to the security of the state. The government decided to take a series of measures to stop the "Talibanization" and crush the armed militancy in the tribal regions and the NTFP. Due to ongoing military operations against the Taliban, almost 100,000 people have already fled to the Afghan province of Khost to seek refuge. The UN and other aid agencies are assisting more than 470,000 people who have been displaced from Pakistan's North Waziristan region due to ongoing military operations. The Wazir tribes are divided into clans ruled by male elders who meet in a tribal jirga. Socially and religiously, Waziristan is an extremely conservative area. Women are carefully protected, and each household must be headed by a male figure. The capital of North Waziristan is Miramshah. The area is mainly inhabited by the Dawar tribe and the Utmanzai branch of Darwesh Khel Waziris, which are related to Ahmedzai Waziris of southern Waziristan, living in fortified mountain villages such as Razmak, Datta Khel, Spin wam, Dosali, Shawa and Shawal. The Dawars (also known as Daurr or Daur), who live in the main Tochi valley, cultivate in the valleys below in towns such as Miramshah, Hamzoni, Darpakhel, Muhammadkhel, Boya, Degan, Banda, Ngharkali, Palangzai, Mirali, Edak , Hurmaz. , Mussaki, Hassukhel, Ziraki, Tapi, Issori, Haiderkhel and Khaddi watered by the Tochi river. not under the direct administration of the government of Pakistan, South Waziristan is indirectly governed by a political agent, who has been a stranger or a waziri, a system inherited from the British Raj. In the South Waziristan Agency, there are three tribes, Wazir, Maseed and Burki. Burki and Urmarh are the same tribe. The South Waziristan Agency has its district headquarters in Wanna. Comprising some 6,500 square kilometers (2,500 square miles), South Waziristan is the most volatile agency in Pakistan. Its capital is Wanna.